These tools have been made available to the wider scientific community via our freeware, CarTool, and additional graphical user interfaces. Such developments are necessary for neuroscientific and medical communities to effectuate a shift from studies of groups of subjects to studies of individuals that can furthermore establish generative models accounting for inter-individual heterogeneity.
Most recently, we devised single-trial classification methods to account for the trial-to-trial variability in perception, decisions, and treatment/training efficacy in individual subjects/patients (Tzovara et al., 2013 Brain Tzovara et al., 2012 Dev Neuropsychol Tzovara et al., 2012 Neuroimage De Lucia et al., 2012 Neuroimage Bernasconi et al. Biasiucci et al., 2019 Current Biology Michel and Murray 2012 Neuroimage Brunet al., 2011 Comp Intell Neurosci Murray et al., 2008 Brain Topogr). As Head of the EEG Section CHUV-UNIL of the CIBM Centre for Biomedical Imaging, we have developed analysis methods permitting EEG to be used as a cost-effective and accessible non-invasive brain imaging technique (EEG is reliably recorded from newborns and the elderly and from patients at their bedside or while individuals perform tasks in virtual and real-world environments) (e.g. Development of Electrical Neuroimaging Methods.This extends not only to the neurobiological mechanisms and behavioral relevance of multisensory interactions, but also to their utility in clinical and engineering settings, including in the rehabilitation of neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders as well as in the implementation of sensory-substitution and neuroprosthetic devices (Murray et al., 2015 Curr Biol Tivadar et al., 2020 Frontiers in Neuroscience). This new model bears tremendous impact on both our understanding of the healthy brain, including its development and mechanisms of learning, as well as on the understanding of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders and their diagnosis/rehabilitation. 2016 Neuropsychologia van Atteveldt et al., 2014 Neuron Thelen et al., 2014 Curr Biol). These interactions directly shape perception and behavior, affecting stimulus detection as well as memory formation and retrieval (e.g. Information from the different senses interacts almost immediately and within primary cortices. Our research has helped establish a new schema of the functional organization of the human brain. These domains have direct and broad-reaching implications not only in basic research, but also in generating innovative technologies and in advancing clinical applications. Since my arrival in Switzerland nearly 20 years ago, I have played a central role in bringing several domains of research to the forefront a sampling of which is summarised here.
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